ud 4: ECOSYSTEMS/ECOSISTEMAS

UNIDAD 4 :ECOSISTEMAS/ECOSYSTEMS



enlaces español:

video presentación (Disney) : https://youtu.be/wApZcY3yLkM

video ecosistemas: http://link.edelvives.es/sfpht
que es un ecosistema: https://youtu.be/xypUF5Kr220
https://youtu.be/tPFGdTE_nas
resumen ecosistemas: https://youtu.be/mVMmmg8iOFY
https://youtu.be/QNy5VYZn8yQ
juego: http://link.edelvives.es/uxsbl
video de cadenas alimentarias: http:// link.edelvives.es/uqxrx
ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos: https://youtu.be/tEAZ2i98HK8, https://youtu.be/FEFFm6O6rHk
amenazas a la biodiversidad: https://youtu.be/upQ1sKe2EU4, https://youtu.be/PRJHetEiAT8
reportaje sobre algunas especies en peligro de extinción: http://link.edelvives.es/tceqn

 VIDEO RESUMEN DE ECOSISTEMAS https://youtu.be/vtvByVrt7rI

PROYECTO EN GRUPO:
proyecto de investigación en grupo: http://link.edelvives.es/mwfnf


ENGLISH

BIODIVERSITY
What is biodiversity:  It is the wide variety of life on Earth.

All living things need other living things to survive. Plants, humans, animals and micro-organisms depend on each other.
Four reasons why biodiversity is important:
- it provides raw materials for industries such as Wood, meat.
- it is important for scientists to test different microorganisms for medicine.
-it is important for living things as it gives us oxygen to breathe (oxygen comes from plants through photosynthesis)
- It is important for farmers to provide better food and clothing (wool, cotton) .

what is a biodiversity: https://youtu.be/aqtdaIkxnQo


ECOSYSTEMS

Desert, jungle, rainforest, ocean, forest, prairie,pond, Tundra.
https://youtu.be/hIy0ZlyPPDg

 biomes: https://youtu.be/VIe46T6UTUc

https://youtu.be/nYF6CKU8AfM
https://youtu.be/P22epOXwJHg


COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM, BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC.

Ecosystem: The living and non-living things in a given geographic area.
Biotic: all living things in an ecosystem: plants, animals, bacteria, fungae
Abiotic: All non-living components of an ecosystem: gases (hydrogen, oxygen,carbon, nitrogen ,phosphorus) , sunlight, water, soil.

https://youtu.be/E1pp_7-yTN4

https://youtu.be/y-wpbhnom70





INTERACTION IN AN ECOSYSTEM

Producers: are plants. Plants take nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun. They carry out photosynthesis to make their own food.

Decomposers: are bacteria and fungi (singular, fungus) that feed off the remains of dead animals and plants. First they break down the nutrients into small pieces.Then, they return these nutrients to the soil, where plants use them.

Consumers: are animals and organisms that eat other living things.

Primary consumers: that eat producers are called herbivores (rabbits eat grass)
Secondary consumers: that eat other consumers are called carnivores (eagles eat rabbits)
tertiary consumers: that eat both producers and other consumers are called omnivores (birds eat fruit and worms)






THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

There are many natural causes of extintion ,however humans are responsable for most of the recent loss of biodiversity in the world.This is a result of several destructive practices and their consequences.
-climate change
-pollution
   -  hunting and capturing animals
   - over exploiting resources
   - alteration of hábitats: deforestation,desertification, construction, burning fossil fuels...
   - releasing pets into the world.

PROTECTING AND CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY

- National parks and biosphere reserves are created to protect wildlife and its environment
-recycle, reuse, reduce rubbish.
-plant trees
- use public transport or ride a bicycle.

climate change: https://youtu.be/Sv7OHfpIRfU
pollution and prevention: https://youtu.be/tmhiglxga-4
biodiversity loss:
https://youtu.be/DAmJUFDdj4o

extinct animals: https://youtu.be/VrokfZ6mD5A
https://youtu.be/9reZZdKVogA

 colourful animals: https://youtu.be/RztMxSB6c6Y

recycle: https://youtu.be/TjnNOCbuoCA

how recycling Works: https://youtu.be/VlRVPum9cp4

ESQUEMA NATURALES: LOS ECOSISTEMAS

ECOSISTEMA: es el conjunto formado por un lugar/seres vivos que habitan en él. Así como por las relaciones que se establecen en él.

-componente inerte

-componente vivo: todos los seres vivos.

 

Especie                        población                         comunidad

Especie: conjunto de organismos con iguales características que pueden  reproducirse entre ellos (flamenco y garza)

Población: conjunto de individuos de la misma especie.(ranas en una charca)

Comunidad:  es el conjunto de poblaciones.

RELACIONES ENTRE INDIVIDUOS

Depredación:  un individuo el depredador se alimenta de su presa.

Parasitismo: un parásito vive a costa de un huésped (piojos)

Mutualismo: es una relación en la que dos especies se benefician . (garcilla se alimenta de los parásitos del búfalo y el búfalo se libra de ellos)

Comensalismo: una especie se beneficia de otra sin perjudicarla (los peces rémora se alimentan de lo que le sobra al tiburón.

ECOSISTEMAS NATURALES:

Litoral, charca, bosques,pradera.

ECOSISTEMAS ARTIFICIALES

Ciudades,cultivos

ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES

Bosque templado,selva, sabana,desierto

ECOSISTEMA ACUÁTICO

Agua dulce, salada, polos.

UNIDAD 3: LAS PLANTAS Y LOS ANIMALES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=3pD68uxRLkMUNIDAD 3: LAS PLANTAS Y LOS ANIMALES

Enlaces español:

murciélagos....http://link.edelvives.es/xhfoi
la interacción de las plantas con los animales (43min) http://link.edelvives.es/dsjoi
interactivo/partes de una planta: http://link.edelvives.es/flend
reproducción de los helechos: http://link.edelvives.es/uepfo
nutrición de las plantas:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=npNCzchvXTQ
reproducción de las plantas: http://link.edelvives.es/enmxy
actividades interactivas: http://link.edelvives.es/ zaepk
tropismos: http://link.edelvives.es/ubdzk
juego invertebrados: http://link.edelvives.es/xgdbv
animales vertrebados e invertrebados: http://link.edelvives.es/fhfar
el huerto: http://link.edelvives.es/efait

 reproducción sexual de las plantas: https://youtu.be/fvyUvcRwX0E
 metamorfosis de la mariposa:https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=GuHYB6O2b24#t=14





ENGLISH


Plants are essential for any ecosystem. They provide all the energy for the ecosystem, because they can get energy directly from sunlight. They use a process called photosynthesis to use energy from the sun to grow and reproduce. They also must get nutrients from the soil. Those nutrients get into the soil when decomposers break down waste and dead materials. Plants require space to grow and reproduce. 
All other organisms in the food chain get energy from plants, either by directly eating them as herbivores do, or by eating plant eaters, like carnivores do. Omnivores can get energy either by eating plants directly or by eating herbivores.

Flowers : attract polinators and make seeds that will some someday grow into plants.
The stem: supports the plant and carries water, nutrients and plant chemicals.
leaves: have little openings that let air and water come and go.
seed: The part of the flower that holds the seed is called ovary. The petals fall and  the ovary develops into a seed.A seed is a Little case with a plant inside.
roots: hold the plant steady in the ground.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=X6TLFZUC9gI



There are several different kinds of plants, and not all animals can eat all kinds of plants.
Grasses are only edible to herbivores. That is because the plants contain kinds of fiber that many omnivores cannot digest efficiently. Many herbivores have specially adapted stomachs that allow them to digest these plants.

Fruit-Bearing Plants make fruit. Herbivores and omnivores can both eat fruit or vegetables from plants, however. Fruit and seeds and sometimes vegetables are part of the plant's reproduction, and generally the presence of pollinators will help these fruit-bearing plants survive better and make more fruit.

Finally, there are a kind of plants called grains which make seeds that can be eaten by certain kinds of omnivores but not all. Humans and chickens can eat grain seeds. Herbivores can eat the whole plant.

CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS




PLANT NUTRITION :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=hwwQU8DBaY8
Photosyntesis


Plants get their energy in a different way. They use photosynthesis. Here’s how it works:
Plants take water from the soil through their veins, which are called xylem. The water goes to the leaves. The leaves take carbon dioxide from the air into the plant. The carbon dioxide mixes with the water. Energy from the sun helps this process along and turns the combination into a sugar called glucose. The glucose is plant food. It gives the plants energy to grow.

Photosynthesis Vocabulary

Photosynthesis: the process of turning water and carbon dioxide into food 
Xylem: plant veins 
Glucose: sugar 
Chlorophyll: a substance in the leaves of plants 
Fertilizer: contains plant nutrients.

Plant Respiration



 As we can see from the word equations respiration and photosynthesis are opposites. Respiration uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.

 How do plants make nutrients:

1. Plants absorb water and dissolve mineral through their roots.
2. xylem vessels: are tubes that carry the mixture of water and minerals.
3. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide through pores called stomas.
4. Photosynthesis takes place inside the seeds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=6aC-WTAWgOg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=aL-DY9h5U7c


 

UNIDAD 6: LAS MÁQUINAS Y LOS AVANCES TÉCNICOS

unidad 6: Las máquinas y los avances técnicos.

Enlaces en español (conocimiento cultural)

video del robot Asimo  http://link.edelvives.es/ddphs
Isaac Asimov: http:link.edelvives.es/ixmsp
peligros más comunes: http://link.edelvives.es/lblbs
peligros de electrodomésticos sin  control: http://link.edelvives.es/tyfwc
tipo de  palanca y funcionamiento: http://link.edelvives.es/dlkto
tipos de polea y transmisiones: http://link.edelvives.es/vohxp
video de transmisión: http://link.edelvives.es/ileqh
líneas de fuerza del campo magnético de los imanes: http://link.edelvives.es/xfobh
experiencias de electricidad estática e imanes: http://link.edelvives.es/iwcok
historia de las telecomunicaciones: http://link.edelvives.es/woyup
molino de viento: http://link.edelvives.es/qsxjp
maquinas simples y mapa conceptual: http://link.edelvives.es/wm

RESUMEN UNIDAD 6: LAS MAQUINAS Y LOS AVANCES TÉCNICOS.

Máquinas simples: Está formada por una o por varias piezas.

Máquinas compuestas: Unión de diferentes piezas. Las piezas se agrupan formando partes. Cada parte se denomina “operador”

Máquinas simples

palanca, polea, plano inclinado.

Palanca : F

barra rígida R

-primer género P.A

• segundo género:(cascanueces)

R F

P.A Nuez

• tercer género: (pinzas para coger hielo)

P.A

R F

polea: formada por una rueda que tiene un canal por el que pasa una cuerda y un eje sobre el que gira.

Plano inclinado: superficie plana y ángulo.Menor el ángulo menos fuerza para subir.

Máquinas complejas :

operadores, engranajes.

Operador mecánico. Transmiten o transforman los movimientos de unas piezas a otras. Operadores se agrupan y forman un mecanismo. (manivelas y engranajes)

Operadores energéticos: acumula energía para que la máquina funcione. ( pilas, baterías, muelles)

engranajes: son ruedas dentadas que giran en torno a un eje.

CIRCUITO (119)

+ - Motor

M

AVANCES: (122)

ENGLISH: MACHINES
 Introduction
-The following inventions changed the world what do you know about them? (investigate with your friend)
plough, printing press, steam engine, typewriter, light bulb, telephone, computer.

 Classifying machines
- We can classify machines by the energy source they need to work.
Complete the sentences in your notebook with the words from the list:

1. DVD players need________
2. cars need petrol or___________
3. old mills need wind or ________
4. TV remote controls need ____________
5. bikes need energy from __________

batteries, diesel, people, water, electricity.

-we can  also classify machines by their function:

* thermal machines: make things hot or cold. Eg: air conditioners, heaters.
*information-processing machines: are used to communicate and to make calculations. Eg: computers, mobile phones and digital cameras.
* mechanical machines: produce movement,also known as kinetic energy. Eg: cars, motorcycles, electric toothbrushes and hairdryers.

http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/simple-machines-games.HTML

a lever:

https://youtu.be/9yZmOMY8qgw

SIMPLE MACHINES:

Inclined plane:  ramp,slide, stairs.
wedge: ax, chisel, pushpin.
pulley: flagpole, crane, miniblind.
lever: hammer, pliers, scissors, seesaw,bottleopener.
screw: screw, corkscrew, jarlid.
Wheel and axe: skateboard, bicycle, pencil sharpener, doorknob.

BICYCLE

What's so good about bicycles?

What's so good is that they get you places quickly without gobbling up fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel, and coal or creating pollution. They do that because they very efficiently convert the power our bodies produce into kinetic energy (energy of movement).
If you're going uphill, you need to work against the force of gravity. If you're going fast, you're working against the force of air resistance (drag) pushing against your body. Sometimes there are bumps in the road.
CIRCUIT
An electric circuit is like a pathway made of wires that electrons can flow through. A battery or other power source gives the force (voltage) that makes the electrons move. When the electrons get to a device like a light bulb, your computer, or a refrigerator, they give it the power to make it work.
The word “circuit” sounds like “circle,” and a circuit needs to be circular to work

HOW A BIKE WORKS:
https://youtu.be/oZAc5t2lkvo

CIRCUITS

http://discoverykids.com/articles/how-do-electric-circuits-work/

https://youtu.be/VnnpLaKsqGU


ELECTROMAGNETISM

https://youtu.be/_ygmHnjNYNo

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is induced by the flow of an electric current through a coil of wire. The magnetic field disappears when the flow of electricity is stopped.
Electromagnets have at least two advantages over permanent magnets:

• the magnetic field can be switched on and off, or reversed, or its strength varied, by controlling the electric current, and
• they can generate a stronger magnetic field than a permanent magnet of similar size and weight.

 

Unidad 5: La materia, las fuerzas y la energía/ Energy.

Unidad 5: La materia, las fuerzas y la energía.


Contenidos:
-la materia y sus propiedades
-los cambios físicos y químicos de la materia.
-efectos del calor sobre los cuerpos.
-las sustancias puras y las mezclas.
-separación de los componentes de una mezcla.
-estudio y clasificación de algunos materiales por sus propiedades.
- utilidad de algunos materiales para el progreso de la sociedad.
-las fuerzas y sus efectos.
- predicción de cambios en el movimiento o en la forma de los cuerpos.
- explicación de fenómenos físicos observables en términos de diferencias de densidad.
- la flotabilidad en un medio líquido.
- concepto de energía.
-diferentes formas de energía.
- fuentes de energía y materias primas: su origen.
-hábitos de ahorro energético y reducción de la contaminación.
- beneficios y riesgos relacionados con la utilización de la energía: agotamiento, lluvia ácida, radiactividad.
-desarrollo sostenible y medioambiente.
- medida de la masa y el volumen.

enlaces español:
energía geotérmica: http://link.edelvives.es/lmufj
energías no renovables: http://link.edelvives.es/wcncx
punto de ebullición: http://link.edelvives.es/jrnqt
cambios físicos reversibles e irreversibles: http://link.edelvives.es/ zznmn
mezclas:
http://link.edelvives.es/nfeoh
http://link.edelvives.es/ndbul
aplicaciones del grafeno: http://link.edelvives.es/hyrub
polímeros: http://link.edelvives.es/ lasdn
vida de Arquímedes: http://link.edelvives.es/hkuic
Isaac Newton: http://link.edelvives.es/laibt
energía: http://link.edelvvies.es/gnjee
http://link.edelvives.es/wxmfp
experimentos caseros: http://link.edelvives.es/bwlkf
http://link.edelvives.es/zejfg




English : Energy

Contents:
- forms of energy.
- properties of energy.
-renewable energy sources.
-non-renewable energy sources.
-environmental impacts on the planets.
-the end of our resources.
-sustainable houses.
-taking care of our planet.
- energy saving measures.

SESSION 1

FORMS OF ENERGY





forms of energy video:


https://youtu.be/86PzkRbw4_U

https://youtu.be/k4b3oxO0WqE

SESSION 2 : PROPERTIES OF ENERGY/RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES.
Copy the text:

Properties of Energy:
- We can transfer energy    from one body to another.
- We can transform energy : electrical can be transformed into light like a light bulb.
- We can store energy:  the food we eat is a store of energy for our bodies.
- We can transport energy: we can transport electrical energy using cables, oil and gas by ships.

Renewable energy sources: are natural resources which do not run out because they are quickly replenished. They are the sun, wáter, wind and biomass (organic waste from plants, excrements)

Non-renewable energy sources: are natural resources which will run out, because we are consuming them faster tan we replenish. These sources are fossil fuels(oil, coal, gas) and radioactive substances (uranium: nuclear energy transformed into heat energy and this one into electrical).

https://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo?list=PLBE64498E3BD7C3B5

https://youtu.be/mIj8EuEJ8FY

solar energy: https://youtu.be/HciKU63dLtA
wind energy: https://youtu.be/tsZITSeQFR0
hydroelectric energy: https://youtu.be/wvxUZF4lvGw
https://youtu.be/wvxUZF4lvGw
biomass energy: https://youtu.be/HZoPNJGi6ig

non renewable energy sources:

https://youtu.be/zaXBVYr9Ij0

https://youtu.be/SCg81A6kwg0


SESSION 3: environmental impacts on our planet, the end of our resources.

The atmosphere: some of the gases which vehicles reléase can react with the air and produce clouds of acidic substances. Called Acid rain.

The oceans: oil spills from tankers, dumping and waste from nuclear power plants also contaminate rivers and seas with radioactive substances like uranium.

the land: we take rocks from quarries and minerals from mines. By doing this we cause soil erosion.

living things: Aquatic organisms die because of industrial waste that is poured into rivers and seas and wind turbines kill birds.

https://youtu.be/3zyizEz9XUs




THE END OF OUR RESOURCES:

SESSION 4 : SUSTAINABLE HOUSES.





ENERGY SAVING MEASURES.


1. Use public transport.Walk or ride a bike.
2. Use natural light.
3. Don´t leave the wáter tap running. Dripping taps are bad.
4. Take short showers.
5. Turn the heating down, if it´s cold wear more clothes.
6. Dry the clothes outside.
7. Use low-energy light bulbs.
8. Turn off the light if you leave a room.
9. unplug some machines if you are not using them.
10.close fridge door. Never put hot meal in the fridge.
11.Use both sides of a paper.


https://youtu.be/ycdke8MTSCI